在废气和废水的脱硫处理中，生物脱硫菌种就像一群默默工作的 “脱硫小能手”，通过自身代谢将含硫化合物转化为无害物质。但这些微生物并非 “永动机”，它们的活性、数量和处理能力会随时间变化。那么，生物脱硫菌种究竟需不需要定期更换或补充？答案藏在菌种的工作特性、环境变化和处理效果的综合考量中。

　　In the desulfurization treatment of exhaust gas and wastewater, biological desulfurization bacteria are like a group of "desulfurization experts" working silently, converting sulfur-containing compounds into harmless substances through their own metabolism. But these microorganisms are not "perpetual motion machines", their activity, quantity, and processing capacity will change over time. So, do biological desulfurization strains need to be replaced or replenished regularly? The answer lies in the comprehensive consideration of the working characteristics of the bacterial strain, environmental changes, and treatment effects.

　　生物脱硫菌种的活性和数量会因多种因素下降。首先，处理环境的波动是影响菌种生存的关键。含硫废气或废水中的酸碱度、温度、重金属含量等一旦超出菌种适宜的生存范围，就会抑制其生长，甚至导致大量死亡。例如，温度过高会破坏菌种体内的酶活性，重金属离子则可能对菌种产生毒性。其次，随着脱硫过程的持续，菌种长期消耗自身能量分解含硫物质，若营养补充不足，或代谢产生的有害物质在环境中积累，也会使菌种活性降低、处理效率下滑。此外，不同批次处理的废气、废水成分存在差异，当突然出现菌种难以适应的复杂污染物时，也会削弱其脱硫能力。

　　The activity and quantity of biological desulfurization bacterial strains may decrease due to various factors. Firstly, dealing with environmental fluctuations is crucial for the survival of bacterial strains. Once the acidity, temperature, and heavy metal content in sulfur-containing waste gas or wastewater exceed the suitable survival range of bacterial strains, it will inhibit their growth and even lead to a large number of deaths. For example, excessive temperature can damage the enzyme activity inside the bacterial strain, while heavy metal ions may be toxic to the strain. Secondly, as the desulfurization process continues, the bacterial strain consumes its own energy to decompose sulfur-containing substances for a long time. If there is insufficient nutritional supplementation or harmful substances produced by metabolism accumulate in the environment, the activity of the bacterial strain will also decrease and the treatment efficiency will decline. In addition, there are differences in the composition of exhaust gas and wastewater treated in different batches. When complex pollutants that bacteria cannot adapt to suddenly appear, their desulfurization ability will also be weakened.

　　判断是否需要更换或补充菌种，核心要看脱硫效果是否达标。在实际处理过程中，需定期监测脱硫系统的关键指标，如废气中的二氧化硫浓度、废水中的硫化物含量等。若发现处理后的排放物持续高于标准值，且排除设备故障等其他因素后，很可能是菌种性能下降导致。同时，观察生物处理系统的运行状态，如微生物菌群的颜色、形态发生明显变化，出现大量漂浮物或污泥性状改变，也是菌种活性降低的信号。此外，通过检测菌种的数量和活性，与初始状态或正常运行参数对比，能更准确地判断是否需要采取措施。

　　To determine whether it is necessary to replace or supplement the bacterial strain, the key is to check whether the desulfurization effect meets the standard. In the actual processing, it is necessary to regularly monitor key indicators of the desulfurization system, such as the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas and the content of sulfides in the wastewater. If it is found that the emissions after treatment continue to exceed the standard value, and other factors such as equipment failure are excluded, it is likely that the decline in bacterial performance is the cause. At the same time, observing the operating status of the biological treatment system, such as significant changes in the color and morphology of microbial communities, the appearance of a large amount of floating debris or changes in sludge characteristics, is also a signal of reduced bacterial activity. In addition, by detecting the quantity and activity of bacterial strains and comparing them with the initial state or normal operating parameters, it is possible to more accurately determine whether measures need to be taken.

　　当确认菌种处理能力不足时，及时更换或补充菌种十分必要。若只是部分菌种活性下降，可优先选择补充新菌种。补充时需选择与原有菌种特性相近、适应现有处理环境的菌种，按照一定比例逐步添加到处理系统中，避免因菌种差异过大引发生态失衡。同时，调整系统的营养供给和环境参数，为新老菌种创造适宜的生存条件，帮助新菌种快速适应环境并发挥作用。而当菌种受到严重毒害、处理效果长期无法改善，或处理工艺发生重大变化时，则需彻底更换菌种。更换前要对处理设备和系统进行全面清洗和消毒，清除残留的有害物质，再引入更适合新工况的菌种，并重新培养驯化，建立新的微生物生态系统。

　　It is necessary to replace or supplement the bacterial strains in a timely manner when it is confirmed that their processing capacity is insufficient. If only some strains show a decrease in activity, priority can be given to supplementing with new strains. When supplementing, it is necessary to select strains that have similar characteristics to the original strains and are suitable for the existing treatment environment, and gradually add them to the treatment system in a certain proportion to avoid ecological imbalance caused by significant differences in strains. At the same time, adjust the nutritional supply and environmental parameters of the system to create suitable living conditions for new and old strains, helping them quickly adapt to the environment and play their role. When the bacterial strain is severely poisoned, the treatment effect cannot be improved for a long time, or there are significant changes in the treatment process, the bacterial strain needs to be completely replaced. Before replacement, it is necessary to thoroughly clean and disinfect the processing equipment and system, remove residual harmful substances, introduce more suitable bacterial strains for the new working conditions, and re cultivate and domesticate them to establish a new microbial ecosystem.

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